The 29-year-old giant quick ripped through Sri Lanka's middle and lower order with four wickets for 16 runs in 32 balls here on Friday.
Nevertheless Sri Lanka's total represented a revival from the depths of 39 for four.
Dilhara Fernando was 33 not out and Chanaka Welegedara seven not out at stumps in a debut Test at the Rose Bowl that has been plagued by bad weather -- of the 180 overs scheduled for the first two days, only 61.2 have been bowled.
England bowling coach David Saker was delighted by Tremlett's analysis, which followed the 6ft 7in paceman's successful Ashes tour.
"When he gets his length right, he’s a huge handful," Saker told reporters. "He's challenging the stumps, the gloves, the splice of the bat.
"Batters really struggle against tall bow