Scotland's biggest city won by 47 votes to 24 for its only rival, Abuja, at the Commonwealth Games Federation annual assembly in Sri Lanka, president Mike Fennell announced.
The result means Scotland will stage its first Commonwealth Games since Edinburgh played host in 1986.
"Glasgow put forward a very strong, very professional bid for the Games and they were always going to be hard to beat," Fennell said.
"Glasgow now has 100 days to form the organising committee and take it from there.
We are extremely confident that the country, the city, and its organising committee will deliver excellent Games in 2014.
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The Scottish city had been a favourite after receiving a strong report during a technical review by the Commonwealth Games committee in September.
During a 30-minute presentation to delegates before the vote, Glasgow said 70 percent of the infrastructure needed for the games was in place and the city had won government backing to host the 300-million dollar event.