Vincent's 101 was the centrepiece of New Zealand's World Cup record score of 363 for five.
The innings also saw Brendon McCullum (52 not out) score the fastest World Cup 50 of all-time, off 20 balls with five sixes and one four, as Canada's attack wilted.
Canada captain John Davison, who four years ago scored the fastest World Cup hundred, off 67 balls, counter-attacked by making 52 before he was caught and bowled by paceman Michael Mason.
"It's been a good week, we're really happy," said New Zealand skipper Stephen Fleming, who contributed 66 to his side's largest World Cup total to which Canada managed 249-9 in reply.
"Even today, we were put under pressure with the new ball, Lou Vincent hit some runs (101) ...
and we've come through the week pretty well."
New Zealand's total was also a Beausejour ground record in one-day internationals, coming just two days after they'd posted the previous best here of 331 for seven against Kenya.
Davison went on the offensive against an attack missing rested fast bowler Shane Bond.
Off the fifth ball, from Daryl Tuffey,